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Białystok Ghetto
The Białystok Ghetto ((ポーランド語:getto w Białymstoku)) was a World War II Jewish ghetto set up by Nazi Germany in the newly formed capital of Bezirk Bialystok district of German-occupied Poland between July 26 and early August 1941. About 50,000 Jews from the vicinity of Białystok and the surrounding region were herded into a small area of the city. The ghetto was split in two by the Biała River running through it ''(see map)''. Most inmates were put to work in the forced-labor enterprises for the German war effort, primarily in large textile, shoe and chemical factories established within its boundaries. The ghetto was liquidated in November 1943 after the courageous Białystok Ghetto Uprising was crushed.〔 All its inhabitants were either killed locally or transported in cattle trucks to the Majdanek and Treblinka extermination camps.〔The statistical data compiled on the basis of ( "Glossary of 2,077 Jewish towns in Poland" ) by ''Virtual Shtetl'' Museum of the History of the Polish Jews , as well as ( "Getta Żydowskie," by ''Gedeon'', ) and "Ghetto List" by Michael Peters at www.deathcamps.org/occupation/ghettolist.htm . Accessed July 12, 2011.〕
==Invasion of Poland==
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The city of Białystok was overrun by the Wehrmacht on September 15, 1939, and a week later ceded to the invading Red Army in accordance with the Nazi–Soviet demarcation treaty. On September 27, 1939, it was annexed by the Soviet Union following mock elections conducted in the atmosphere of utter terror. According to the terms of the German-Soviet Pact signed earlier in Moscow, Białystok remained in Soviet hands until June 1941, assigned to the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. Thousands of Jews flocked to the city from German-occupied Poland. Mass deportations to Siberia by the NKVD followed.
The German army entered the Soviet occupation zone on June 22, 1941 under the codename Operation Barbarossa and took over the city within days. On June 27–28, 1941 the Reserve Police Battalion 309 arrived, and the first mass murder of Polish Jews took place during the so-called "Red Friday" which took the lives of up to 5,000 victims.〔 The Great Synagogue was set on fire with 800 to 1,000 Jewish men locked in it, and burned down with a grenade thrown inside. It was followed by a frenzy of killing by the German Battalion 309 both inside the homes of the Jewish neighbourhood of Chanajki,〔 and in the park, lasting until dark. The next day, some 30 wagon-loads of dead bodies were taken to a new mass grave outside the town, dug up on German orders, but the number of victims in the official report was cut in half.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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